Areez Tariq
Independent Political Analyst
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Since May 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has reshaped India’s political economy and state–society relations through centralized executive leadership, welfare expansion at scale, digital public infrastructure, Hindunationalist social legislation, and an increasingly assertive foreign policy. This paper synthesizes election outcomes, marquee policies, institutional shifts, and governance outcomes across three terms—majorities in 2014 and 2019 and a coalition in 2024—to assess how Modi has ruled, what has changed, and where the trajectory remains contested. It combines official documents, court judgments, international datasets, and credible reportage.
Keywords: Narendra Modi; BJP; NDA; India; Article 370; CAA; Electoral Bonds; Welfare State; Digital Public Infrastructure; Federalism; Democracy Indices; Foreign Policy.