Ananya Mishra (Research Scholar)
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia National Law University, Lucknow
Email: [email protected]
Tel: +91 8741077741
Abstract: The dynamics of crime in the 21st century have undergone significant transformations, driven by rapid technological advancements, socio-economic shifts, and evolving social norms. This paper undertakes an analysis of the evolving patterns of crime and deviance in urban environments in the 21st century, examining the socio-legal frameworks that govern crime control and prevention. As cities have rapidly transformed due to globalization, technological advancements, and migration, the nature of criminal behavior has shifted, presenting new challenges for legal systems. This study focuses on traditional crimes such as theft and violence, as well as emerging forms of criminality, including cybercrime, organized crime, and financial fraud, all of which have been exacerbated by urbanization and socio-economic disparities. The research draws on statutory law, judicial precedents, and legal commentary to assess how effectively legal systems have adapted to these emerging crime patterns. Through an examination of both national and international legal instruments, the paper explores gaps in law enforcement and the prosecution of these crimes, particularly in urban contexts where crime is spatially and temporally concentrated. Additionally, the research addresses the role of urban social structures and cultural norms in shaping perceptions of deviance and legal reactions to crime. By providing a detailed doctrinal analysis, the study seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on crime prevention, law reform, and the need for more adaptive legal frameworks to address the complexities of modern urban criminal behavior.
Keywords: Urban Crime; Criminal Patterns; Cybercrime; Social Deviance; Digital Surveillance; Restorative Justice; Globalization.